Birds: Birds of agricultural importance and their management - pigeon
Birds of agricultural importance and their management
Globally nearly 40% of the earth’s surface has been converted to agriculture. Agricultural demand is expected to double by 2050. Crops may provide food and other resources such as fuel and medicine. 2.5
billion Rural people depend on agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting. They primarily inhabit areas with many trees and
natural and artificial vegetation such as woodland. Agricultural zone birds mainly consist
on Passeriformes. They feed on a variety of plant resources such as flesh fruits, flowers
(nectar), nuts, seeds and insects. Agricultural zone birds do not have special bills and
webbed feet to facilitate wadding, swimming and foraging in aquatic habitats, these birds
are attracted to areas with small water sources such as ponds and streams. They can also
be migrated and traveled long distances between summer breeding grounds and winter
non breeding grounds. The preservation of stop off sites such as forests and wetlands is
therefore of great importance for the survival of not only migratory water birds but also
vegetation birds. The bird is normally found in open cultivated tracks
and grasslands intermixed with scrub forest and is rarely observed above an elevation of
1200 m in Pakistan.
Large areas of bush with little human disturbance have the most bird species as
they contain all strictures that birds need, older trees with cavities, mature trees with full
leaf canopies, younger trees, tall and short shrubs, tall grasses and sags interspersed with
herbs. In wetter areas the ground layers are often richer in ferns, cutting grasses and
mosses. Logs, fallen branches, twigs and litter provide habitat for countless
invertebrates like insects, spiders, millipedes and earthworms that process this debris into
soil. As most bush birds consume invertebrates at some stage of their life cycle they
depend on these structural elements. Under vegetation provides a range of feeding.
Sheltering and nesting habitats. Loss of under story through clearing, over grazing or too
frequent burning makes it unsuitable for many bush birds.
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| Sunflowers field |
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Wheat field  Birds flying over agriculture zone |
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| Paddy-Field Pipit |
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